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How Ankara Uses Its Influence Could Determine the Middle East’s Future

The fate of regional stability after any weakening or collapse of Iran will depend less on the removal of a rival than on whether Turkey can use its influence to build balance rather than deepen fragmentation.

Türkiye, İran ve Ortadoğu’nun Yeni Düzeni İçin Verilen Mücadele
Middle East Eye · By TAHA ÖZHAN · 7 April 2026 · read the original in Turkish →

How Ankara uses its influence could determine whether the Middle East moves toward stability or toward renewed fragmentation.

A weakened Iran, or worse, an Iran turned into a failed state, will not stabilize the Middle East. It will drive the region still further into chaos.

Such an outcome would reshape the regional balance of power, could lead to an expansion of Israeli territorial control, heighten the fragility of Iraq and Syria, and trigger a renewed cycle of cross-border conflict and migration.

No country would be affected as directly as Turkey; likewise, no regional actor would play as central a role in managing the order that followed.

Turkey and Iran are not merely the two largest countries in the Middle East. They are also among its oldest states, with histories, cultures, demographics, languages, and political trajectories that have been intertwined for centuries.

Their shared border has remained unchanged since the 17th century, a rare continuity in a region where borders have constantly shifted. Even a brief look at the 20th century reveals the depth of the two countries’ parallel experiences.

In the first half of the century, both countries lived under foreign occupation. At the beginning of the century, within a few years of one another, they underwent constitutional revolutions led by similar political movements that sought representative government. Yet neither revolution produced a lasting liberal transformation.

In both cases, power was consolidated in the hands of a single leader or party. Both states pursued ambitious projects of Westernization, accompanied by forms of secularization intended to marginalize Islam from public life. These transformations were reinforced by new historical narratives and state-sponsored cultural reconstruction.

By the middle of the century, elected prime ministers had come to power in both countries. In Iran, Mohammad Mossadegh was overthrown in a US-backed coup after attempting to nationalize the oil industry. In Turkey, Adnan Menderes was removed by a military coup and executed.

A Pro-Western OrderBatı Yanlısı Düzen

Within a year of each other, the nationalization of oil in Iran was reversed, while Turkey joined NATO, making a decisive geopolitical choice.

In Turkey, a regime of military tutelage took root and constrained democratic development for decades. In Iran, meanwhile, the Shah consolidated a pro-Western authoritarian order.

By the late 1970s, the streets in both countries were in motion. In Iran, the turmoil culminated in revolution. In Turkey, it ended in a bloody military coup.

Iran’s first revolutionary leaders, including its president and prime minister, fell victim to campaigns of assassination. In Turkey, political leaders were imprisoned and barred from political activity.

When Iraq attacked Iran in 1980, Tehran entered a long and devastating war. In Turkey, the narrowing of political space during the Cold War laid the ground for the emergence of the PKK and fueled a conflict that would cost tens of thousands of lives and last more than four decades.

The two countries’ postwar trajectories again revealed striking contrasts. By the late 1980s, Iran faced a profound crisis of democracy, symbolized most visibly by compulsory veiling for women.

In Turkey, meanwhile, military tutelage shaped political life throughout the 1980s, and one of the most acute social tensions formed around the ban on headscarves in public institutions, a rule that forced many women to remove their headscarves in order to pursue higher education or enter public service.

In different ways, both states struggled to reconcile religion, authority, and democracy. This past is not merely a chronology of events; it extends into the present, shaping how Turkey understands today’s crises and defining its geopolitical vision for the near future.

Turkey cannot, and will not, see Iran as the Gulf states, Israel, or the West do.

Turning PointDönüm Noktası

The 2003 US invasion of Iraq was a decisive turning point for both countries. In Turkey, the rise of the Justice and Development Party ushered in a period of economic growth and a more assertive foreign policy.

For Iran, the collapse of Saddam Hussein’s regime across the border created a geopolitical vacuum that Tehran sought to fill. Empowered by high oil prices, Iran expanded its regional sphere of influence, relying heavily on sectarian networks and proxy actors, especially in Iraq.

Throughout the 2010s, Ankara and Tehran found themselves on opposing sides of regional upheaval. Turkey supported movements for political change during the Arab Spring. Iran, most visibly in Syria, sought to preserve the existing order.

The Syrian conflict became the bloodiest arena of this rivalry. Turkey supported the opposition; Iran intervened to keep the Assad regime standing. Although political change finally came to Damascus after years of devastation, the overall result was catastrophic: immense human loss and a shattered regional landscape.

Amid these ruins, Israel became increasingly assertive. The strategic map of the Middle East changed, and Iran’s forward-defense model, projecting influence through regional non-state actors, encountered structural limits.

Now, as Israel and the United States confront Iran more directly, the region faces another potential turning point.

The possibility of Iran’s collapse calls to mind the unintended consequences of the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Then, the overthrow of a regime led to ethnic and sectarian fragmentation whose effects reverberated across the region.

Today, a severely weakened Iran could once again set destabilizing dynamics in motion, but this time in a more volatile environment. Israel’s territorial expansion could accelerate.

It is conceivable that Washington would recognize new annexations, as it did in the Golan Heights. In such a context, Israel could move to consolidate its control over the occupied West Bank and Gaza while maintaining its military presence in Lebanon and Syria.

A Changing LandscapeDeğişen Manzara

For Turkey, the effects of Iran’s weakening would be immediate and concrete. First, instability in Iraq and Syria would directly affect Turkey’s security and trade. No other regional actor is so exposed, economically and geographically, to developments in these areas. Border security, refugee flows, and cross-border militancy would require constant attention.

Second, the formalization of Israeli annexations would alter the region’s legal and strategic landscape. Israel’s military presence in Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon is already a source of instability; the formalization of territorial expansion would intensify polarization and weaken the prospects for a negotiated solution.

Third, a weakened Iran could once again create conditions favorable to cross-border terrorism. In earlier periods of regional fragmentation, terrorist networks thrived and grew amid power vacuums. The re-emergence of such dynamics would pose risks not only for Turkey, but also for the wider region and Europe.

Fourth, Turkish-American relations could enter a new period of tension. Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, disagreements over Iraq, Syria, and Israel have created an enduring climate of mistrust. In a future scenario shaped by Israeli territorial expansion and regional reordering, Ankara and Washington could again find themselves at odds, especially if US policy is perceived as promoting instability.

Finally, the competing geopolitical outlooks of Turkey and the Gulf states could turn into a structural divergence. Ankara believes regional stability requires a balance among major actors. A regional framework focused solely on Israeli supremacy would not align with Turkey’s strategic interests. In this context, alongside Qatar, Turkey’s natural ally, the course chosen by Saudi Arabia will be decisive.

In general, the weakening of Iran would not automatically create balance. Instead, it could create a vacuum in which more assertive actors expand their spheres of influence. The post-2003 period showed how quickly disorder can spread when regional balances collapse.

Today, the risks are greater. Ethnic and sectarian fault lines persist. State institutions are fragile in many countries. External powers are deeply entrenched. In such an environment, Iran’s sudden collapse could produce cascading instability rather than strategic clarity.

Turkey enters this period as the region’s most capable state actor, militarily experienced and diplomatically active on multiple fronts. But capacity alone does not guarantee stability. Ankara must pursue an assertive strategy aimed not at domination, but at balance: preventing territorial expansionism, limiting proxy wars, and strengthening state sovereignty where possible.

The central lesson of the past two decades is clear. Eliminating or weakening a major regional power does not eliminate competition; it redistributes it. If Iran fragments or becomes a failed state, the Middle East will not become less contested. On the contrary, it will become more contested.

In the years ahead, regional stability will depend on whether a new balance can be established, one that limits expansionism and reduces zero-sum alliances. Otherwise, the region risks entering another prolonged cycle of conflict.

In this emerging order, Turkey will not remain a spectator. Turkey has the chance to be a decisive factor. Whether the Middle East moves toward stability or toward renewed fragmentation will depend, to a great extent, on how Ankara chooses to use its influence.

This article was published on the Middle East Eye website and translated for Perspektif. Click here for the original link.

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