translated from Japanese

Fourteen Years After the Nuclear Accident: Fukushima Daiichi Today, as Decommissioning and Fuel-Debris Removal Are Set to Accelerate, with Challenges Remaining and Problems Mounting

Fourteen years after the Fukushima Daiichi accident, the first retrieval of fuel debris marks a new phase of decommissioning, but the path to completion remains uncertain as spent fuel, high-dose waste, and vast quantities of remaining debris pose unresolved problems.

原発事故から14年 福島第一原発のいま 廃炉・燃料デブリ取り出し加速へ 残る課題と増える問題
Tereport Plus · 9 June 2026 · read the original in Japanese →

Television program Tereport Plusテレビ番組テレポートプラス

Fourteen Years After the Nuclear Accident: Fukushima Daiichi Today, as Decommissioning and Fuel-Debris Removal Are Set to Accelerate, with Challenges Remaining and Problems Mounting原発事故から14年 福島第一原発のいま 廃炉・燃料デブリ取り出し加速へ 残る課題と増える問題

The challenges surrounding the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. In 2024, a full-scale model of the fuel debris removed from Daiichi for the first time since the accident was displayed. It took roughly fourteen years to extract those 0.7 grams, yet 880 tons of fuel debris remain on the grounds of Daiichi; it still cannot be said that a “path” to decommissioning has come into view.

◇ [Watch the video] The video is available on YouTube at Fukushima News [Fukutele]. TEPCO president stresses “responsibility to Fukushima.”◇【動画で見る】動画はYouTube 福島ニュース【福テレ】でご覧いただけます 東京電力社長が「福島への責任」強調

“Fourteen years ago today, here at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, we caused an accident that must never have happened.” On March 11, TEPCO President Kobayakawa visited Fukushima Daiichi. After offering silent prayers for the victims of the disaster, he once again emphasized the company’s “responsibility to Fukushima.”

President Kobayakawa said, “Fulfilling our responsibility to Fukushima is our foremost priority. As we increase the number of samples, we want to use them as material for solidifying our strategy for medium- and long-term decommissioning from here on.”

Fukushima Daiichi has set the completion of decommissioning at forty years after the accident. We now head toward its “present position.”

Collected fuel debris leaves the nuclear plant採取された燃料デブリが原発の外へ

“Thirteen years and eight months after the nuclear accident, this is a major step toward decommissioning. For the first time since the accident, a vehicle carrying fuel debris is leaving Fukushima Daiichi.”「原発事故から13年8か月、廃炉に向けた大きな一歩です。事故後初めて、燃料デブリを乗せた車が第一原発の外へ向かいます」

In November 2024, fuel debris was removed from Fukushima Daiichi for the first time since the accident. With this, decommissioning entered its final stage, “Phase 3.”

The challenge in decommissioning: dealing with the remaining “nuclear fuel”廃炉作業の課題「残る"核燃料"への対応」

The “nuclear fuel” that remains at Daiichi falls broadly into two categories: “fuel debris,” formed when melted nuclear fuel engulfed metal, concrete, and other materials and then solidified; and “spent fuel” left in each reactor building.

At Unit 1, laid bare by a hydrogen explosion, work is progressing on the installation of a cover over the entire building so that, when this fuel is removed, radioactive materials will not disperse and large volumes of rainwater will not flow in. At Unit 2 as well, the plan is to begin removing “spent fuel” by March 2026.

At Unit 2, a second collection of fuel debris is also scheduled to begin sometime between March and April. And as preparations move forward for debris removal, the dismantling of treated-water tanks is also under way in order to free up space for facilities needed for decommissioning.

Where will the spent fuel go?

While it appears that measures to deal with the “nuclear fuel” are steadily advancing, in the shared pool...

“So it is being cooled with this water?”「この水で冷却して冷やしているということですか?」

Masato Kino, counselor at the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, says, “Nuclear fuel continues to generate heat for a very long time, so we cool it with water. The pool is almost full, so it contains more than 6,000 assemblies.”

“[Where will the spent fuel from Daiichi go?] First, it will be securely stored in a safe place. Among the cooled, spent fuel, the older fuel will be placed in metal containers for storage. Beyond that, we still have to investigate whether it can be taken to Aomori Prefecture [to the storage facility in Mutsu or for nuclear-fuel reprocessing in Rokkasho Village], so what comes after has not yet been decided,” Counselor Kino says.

The final “destination” of the “spent fuel” remains undecided.

As for the “fuel debris,” too, of the 880 tons remaining at Daiichi, only 0.7 grams have been removed after fourteen years; it cannot yet be said that “a route has come into view.”

The challenge in decommissioning: dealing with increasing high-dose waste廃炉作業の課題「増える高線量廃棄物への対応」

And there are problems that emerge as decommissioning proceeds. In a facility where filters and sludge that have absorbed radioactive substances from “contaminated water” generated when rainwater and groundwater come into contact with debris are managed and stored, the waste that increases the more treatment advances continues to press upon the site.

Counselor Kino says, “The radiation dose of the debris removed this time was 8 millisieverts per hour. Here it is several hundred millisieverts, so naturally it is higher than the debris. The dose to which an ordinary person is exposed in a year is something like 2 millisieverts. Please think of this as being at a level several hundred times that.”

How, then, will this be treated in the future? Counselor Kino says, “The treatment method has not yet been decided in concrete terms. For the time being, the volume will be reduced and it will be stored here.”

Into unknown territory未知の領域へ

Phase 3 is the final stage of decommissioning. But to call it the “final stage” is, viewed from the other side, to say that the process has entered unknown territory, a realm where, at the outset of the accident, even drawing up a schedule was impossible.

Akira Ono, president of TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi Decontamination and Decommissioning Engineering Company, said, “As decommissioning proceeds from here, we still do not fully grasp what kinds of waste will emerge, or in what quantities. My impression is that we still have not gathered enough information to draw a complete picture of decommissioning.”

The government and TEPCO have set 2051 as the year for completing decommissioning; already, one third of that time has elapsed.

Y done · S save · G great · B bad · N not for me