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The “Waiters” Are Everywhere, Trench Electronic Warfare and Mortars Are Dying Out: How the War Has Changed in a Year

Over the past year, the drone war has pushed the front deeper underground, stretched the kill zone, transformed logistics, and made many once-central tools of positional warfare obsolete.

«Ждуни» всюди, окопний РЕБ і міномети відмирають: як змінилася війна за рік
Fragments · 19 June 2026 · read the original in Ukrainian →

FragmentsФрагменти

The “waiters” are everywhere, trench electronic warfare and mortars are dying out: how the war has changed in a year

A year ago, Captain Ihor Shuty, commander of an electronic-warfare company in the 56th Separate Motorized Infantry Brigade, described a trend: electronic-warfare systems at the front were rapidly losing ground, and the Ukrainian army therefore needed immediate, operational adaptation to new realities (it can be read here). Exactly a year has passed, and the officer has decided to offer a detailed review of which of his forecasts came true and which did not, as well as to outline the fresh trends and challenges of technological warfare.

Fiber optics, “waiters,” and the disappearance of trench electronic warfareОптоволокно, «ждуни» та зникнення окопного РЕБ

“Fiber optics are being used more and more, and flying farther and farther, but fortunately, even at ‘medium’ ranges (10 kilometers and more), they are not the main strike quadcopter,” Ihor Shuty notes.

According to him, the main reason is that Russia’s production capacities are still insufficient to make the necessary number of fiber-optic kits, given the front’s enormous daily demand.

At the same time, the enemy already has mass production of radio-controlled FPV drones: primitive and technically outdated, perhaps, but entirely functional and suitable for constantly “terrorizing” the forward edge and near rear, diverting the attention of electronic-warfare units and complicating logistics.

An important factor at the front has been the disconnection of Starlink for the Russians. As the officer explains, this has also neutralized the threat posed by strike Molniya drones and other enemy UAVs controlled through Starlink.

A serious challenge has been the growing number of “waiters”: strike UAVs that operate from ambush, lying in wait for enemy vehicles or soldiers. “They are everywhere: along field roads, at their intersections, on the roofs of houses,” the captain says. Such drones can remain in standby mode for a full day, since their batteries drain very slowly when the motors are not running.

At the same time, the engagement range, the so-called “kill zone,” is constantly expanding. Burned-out vehicles in Kramatorsk, 15 to 20 kilometers from the line of combat contact, are now an entirely ordinary sight.

As a result, logistics are becoming ever more difficult. “It has long been considered good form to check the route with a Mavic before setting out, to see whether there are any ‘waiters,’” the officer stresses. According to him, every logistics run now turns almost into a special operation, and in non-infantry units most losses occur precisely while moving into and out of positions.

Under these conditions, unmanned ground vehicles have gone from exotic equipment to almost the main means of supplying positions. Where they cannot reach, something can perhaps be delivered only by a Vampire drone. UGVs are controlled mostly through Starlink. Besides logistics platforms, Shuty says, evacuation and sapper platforms are also widely used, whereas combat platforms remain quite limited in their application, despite regular wow-factor presentations.

The requirements for small arms have changed as well. As the officer notes, the assault rifle as an individual weapon remains relevant only at the forward edge; farther back in the rear, it is increasingly being displaced by the shotgun, which is used to destroy both “waiters” and FPVs in flight.

“Naturally, in trying to avoid the effects of electronic warfare, the enemy is shifting to new, ‘exotic’ radio-control bands for both fixed-wing and multirotor UAVs. But, as with fiber optics, the Russians do not have enough of this ‘exotic’ equipment, so even such ‘old-timers’ as Sudny den are still being used en masse,” Shuty says, describing the trend.

At the same time, UAVs with AI terminal guidance are present, but at engagement depths of 20 to 30 kilometers they are still used only episodically, more as a way of testing them under combat conditions, he adds.

The chief consequence of these processes is that trench electronic warfare is definitively dead, the officer states. “It is extraordinarily difficult to bring people in and out, let alone electronic-warfare systems and replacement batteries for them,” the company commander says, describing the realities.

Therefore, he says, one has to accept as fact that the forward edge is not covered at all, since large electronic-warfare systems are being pulled farther and farther into the rear because of the continual expansion of the “kill zone” and the growing complexity of logistics; generators for powerful EW systems are also extremely voracious consumers of gasoline and diesel.

In these conditions, vehicle-mounted electronic warfare and anti-drone cages naturally complement one another, though the main hope still rests with the cage. The cages themselves are becoming increasingly complex and monstrous, with “hedgehogs” made of steel wire and rubber “aprons” against “waiters” on the road.

As for equipment, Shuty writes that although the Mavic 4 Pro and Matrice 4T are a major step forward compared with the Mavic 3/3T, they have not amounted to any revolutionary innovation. Pilots say that sometimes a jammed drone automatically returns to its starting point. The main change over the past year is that electronic warfare practically no longer fights them: as noted above, trench EW has disappeared, while “large” EW simply cannot reach their flight areas. On the other hand, the battery capacity of the Mavic 4 Pro and Matrice 4T does not allow them to fly far into the depth of the “kill zone.” Thus, the principal way of countering Mavics now is to locate and destroy the pilots’ own positions.

Underground war, the dying out of mortars, and hunting in the skyПідземна війна, відмирання мінометів та полювання в небі

The dominance of drones in the sky for tens of kilometers into the depth behind the front line has definitively entrenched the transition to underground war. “Infantry, pilots, artillerymen, electronic-warfare troops, air-defense troops: everyone sits in carefully camouflaged holes or dugouts, minimizing both the time spent on the surface and the traces left there,” the captain says, describing the situation.

Increasingly, infantry at the forward edge are being instructed simply to observe and transmit information about enemy movements, rather than reveal themselves by entering close combat. Assaults now consist of destroying holes and basements, mostly with drones, and then clearing them and “settling” them with one’s own infantry. All movement on foot is carried out exclusively in small groups and with maximum concealment, using favorable weather conditions.

“There are no longer any enemy trenches or firing positions being observed; there is an area we do not control, where enemy personnel are presumed to be located in holes and hiding places that still have to be found on the ground,” Ihor Shuty explains. At the same time, a discovered infantry position means, in 99 percent of cases, a destroyed position.

Because of the difficulty of moving soldiers in and out, and the realities of “underground war,” stories of infantrymen spending several months, even up to half a year, at forward positions have become commonplace.

Against this backdrop, mortars are practically dying out. The 120 mm caliber is still sometimes used, while the 82 mm, the officer states, has already definitively passed into history.

By contrast, interceptor UAVs are being used more and more. If in 2024 their main targets were fixed-wing reconnaissance drones, now they are actively hunting Molniyas, Italmases, Shaheds, and even fiber-optic multirotors. At night, the buzzing of several interceptors in the air at once can sound like a swarm of mosquitoes. They work in close coordination with electronic warfare: “They jammed some strike fixed-wing drone and ‘put it into a circle,’ and the interceptor finishes it off.”

Anti-drone nets have also become an utterly familiar part of the landscape on city streets and roads near the front. It is expensive, extremely labor-intensive, and not always effective, but still necessary, Shuty explains.

There have been positive shifts on a strategic scale. Ukraine’s Defense Forces have begun doing what the Russians, using Gerberas, Shaheds, and Italmases, tried to do to us in previous years: namely, inflict mass damage with strike UAVs on concentrations of equipment and personnel, command posts, and fuel, lubricants, and ammunition storage sites hundreds of kilometers deep inside enemy territory.

Y done · S save · G great · B bad · N not for me