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من المنع إلى تطويع المحتوى: كيف نحمي أطفالنا على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي؟

The piece argues that protecting children online cannot rest on parental vigilance or blanket bans alone, because addictive platform design, social vulnerability, weak enforcement, and competing regulatory models all shape how children experience digital life.

من المنع إلى تطويع المحتوى: كيف نحمي أطفالنا على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي؟
7iber · By سارة الرمحي · 3 June 2026 · read the original in Arabic →

تصميم محمد شحادة.

Design by Mohammad Shehadeh.

June 3, 202603 حزيران 2026

منذ فترة طويلة، ترغب جود* (15 عامًا) بمشاركة أصدقائها موهبتها عبر إنستغرام. فهي تكتب كلمات وتغنيها بصوتها الجميل، كما أنها تجيد تصوير الفيديوهات وتجهيزها للنشر. وقد بدأت بذلك مؤخرًا بإشراف من والدتها نجوى، مع حرص شديد على كيفية تعامل ابنتها مع مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي. منذ عمر الثانية عشرة، مرّت جود بعدد من التجارب الرقمية التي ترى الأم أنها غير متوقعة، فيما هي اعتيادية بالنسبة لجود وأقرانها، الجيل الذي تربى في العصر الرقمي.

For a long time, Jude* (15) has wanted to share her talent with her friends on Instagram. She writes lyrics and sings them in her beautiful voice, and she is also good at filming videos and preparing them for publication. She began doing so recently under the supervision of her mother, Najwa, who is deeply attentive to how her daughter deals with social media. Since the age of twelve, Jude has gone through a number of digital experiences that her mother regards as unexpected, though to Jude and her peers, the generation raised in the digital age, they are ordinary.

On holidays, Jude spends most of her time watching Instagram Reels. She stares at the screen for long stretches and keeps scrolling through videos for hours on end. She uses YouTube Shorts in the same way. Najwa says that her daughter's presence on social media has many consequences: beyond wasting time and sinking into endless scrolling, the deeper effect comes from other people's comments on what she posts, and from the way she links the number of likes or story views to her own worth as an adolescent.

"Sometimes she may sink into sadness and tears because her friend got more likes and comments than she did." Najwa worries that other people's opinions and their digital reactions have become the basic measure of value for her daughter, and that the desire to impress her peers is the only motive behind the photos she takes and shares, whether of herself or of the details of her day.

Despite the powerful effect that a "like" has on users, that effect is short-lived. The need to feel appreciated therefore drives them to check, constantly and sometimes compulsively, the number of views and likes they receive. One study reported that this "illusion" of appreciation is a fundamental negative aspect of social media. It accordingly recommended that the features of the like button on these platforms be reduced.

More broadly, the relationship with social media produces radical shifts in adolescents' behavior and perception, making them more vulnerable to social and emotional disorders, and therefore more susceptible to psychological problems, as a result of changes in the way the brain processes the idea of reward.

The continuous use of these platforms, which are by their nature emotionally charged, increases the likelihood of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders among children, as well as a decline in academic performance, as confirmed by a study conducted in a number of Arab countries.[1] The effect extends to adults as well. Endless scrolling through short videos, for example, is described scientifically as compulsive or passive scrolling, and is associated with indicators of psychological distress and dissatisfaction with life. But its impact is greater on adolescents because of the sensitivity of that life stage and their tendency toward emotional conclusions. The same study also indicates that these effects may extend to bodily changes, such as neck pain, eye strain, and eating disorders linked to anxiety over body image, which appear more commonly among females.

Around 77% of children in Jordan use the internet regularly. The potential risks are not limited to psychological effects; they also include the possibility of exposure to sexual abuse or cyberbullying. In a study by Save the Children Jordan,[2] 16% of children reported having been abused online, while only 4% of their parents were aware of it, pointing to a wide gap between parents' perception of internet risks and reality. As a means of protection, about 56.5% of children use a device belonging to one of their parents, a method that may help strengthen parental digital oversight, but at the same time does not solve the problem of exposure, while browsing, to content not intended for children. According to the study, the most commonly reported problem is cyberbullying. This was supported by a recent study in Jordan, which indicated that nearly 72% of children had participated in cyberbullying, and around 31% had been victims of it. This problem was followed by sexual harassment, then information-security risks, then content-related risks, such as advertisements, suggested videos, or electronic-gaming content, and finally social risks represented by isolation. The study also points to an important economic and social factor: children from better-off families are less exposed to online risks, because they are more prepared to deal with abuse as a result of being accustomed to spending longer periods online. Yet, conversely, this means problems of overuse and potential digital addiction.

Lara al-Maaytah, a psychological and educational consultant, says that addiction to use can be observed through a number of indicators: intense attachment to the screen and disconnection from reality; fits of anger that may reach the point of self-harm or smashing things when devices are taken away from the child; and the appearance of unexplained sadness and loss of pleasure as a result of becoming accustomed to fast, enjoyable scenes whose effect is short-lived. In her view, the most worrying thing is children's total exposure to an entirely open world, which requires the family to prepare them to use social media as though it were preparing them to go out into the street alone.

Al-Maaytah stresses that building a safe family relationship based on open dialogue is the first pillar of protection for a child. She also suggests several preventive measures, such as setting a fixed daily time for use and establishing clear, written rules for every application the child uses. She advises that mobile phones and the internet be used in an open, shared space, not in private rooms. She adds that reducing screen time is closely tied to providing suitable alternatives, such as scheduling time for sports or hobbies, in order to protect them from mental lethargy and scattered attention, in what is known as "brain rot."

Najwa went through an experience with her daughter when she was younger: she received a call from the mother of one of her daughter's friends, who told her anxiously that the two girls were planning to kill a classmate. Although Najwa's conversation with her daughter led her to conclude that the matter was not serious, she learned that its source was an electronic game her daughter had played in secret.

Maaytah says that constant exposure to content involving verbal, sexual, or physical violence can produce confusion in a child's values, and violence can gradually become the child's natural state. She notes that she has dealt with cases requiring the modification of behaviors that originated in an electronic game, such as games that require stealing or killing in order to advance through their levels.

Najwa emphasizes that the emergence of these behaviors in her daughter was also influenced by other life circumstances that increased her fragility at the time, among them her parents' separation; she therefore sought the help of a specialist to make sure of her daughter's psychological well-being.

At present, Jude plays Roblox, which more than 151 million people around the world play daily, under her mother's supervision and according to clear rules, such as not sharing any personal information, since Najwa understands that these chat rooms include players from all over the world, children and adults alike.

Jordan's Telecommunications Regulatory Commission had banned chat rooms in Roblox last September, considering them an unsafe conversational space that could expose children to exploitation. As part of the same efforts to make digital spaces safer, a tendency has recently emerged toward restricting adolescents' and children's use of social media. In February of this year, a parliamentary proposal was put before the House of Representatives calling for the disabling of accounts belonging to users under 16, and for cooperation with technology companies to provide effective protection tools. This was followed by an official letter addressed to the Prime Ministry calling for the issuance of a law banning the same age group from using social media.

Days later, the Council of Ministers approved the formation of a national committee to protect children and young people from the dangers of the internet. Lara al-Khatib, chair of the Board of Commissioners of the Telecommunications Regulatory Commission, explained in a media intervention that the committee's purpose is to study all available options for regulating the use of social media, not to ban it completely; this approach applies to social media and to other forms of digital content. Implementation is likely to enter into force before the end of the current year.

In the same context, MP Muayyad al-Alawneh, chair of the parliamentary Committee on Digital Economy and Entrepreneurship, says that all these measures are part of a larger orientation aimed at strengthening digital protection. The committee's attention is now focused on completing the blocking of some electronic games and pornographic sites, before moving on to measures that will guarantee children's safety on social media.

Al-Alawneh explains that the committee is not rushing its decision, and is studying the various options, including the age group the law will cover, taking into account the social context and the daily course of life for children and their families, so as to ensure that the proposal is realistic and enforceable. He also explains that several bodies will be partners in implementation, among them the Ministry of Education and agencies connected to media and technology.

This move to regulate children's use of social media is part of a global movement that began in Europe and is now expanding to include a number of countries around the world, the most recent of them Turkey, which in mid-April banned children under 15 from using social media. Before that, France had passed a law in 2024 banning the use of social media by children under 15, and other countries followed, such as Portugal, Denmark, Germany, and Britain. These measures come within broader moves contained in the European Digital Services Act, which aimed to strengthen the digital rights of European Union citizens, included provisions offering enhanced protection for minors, and requires all electronic services operating in the European Union to comply with it.

"Sanchez is a tyrant and a traitor to the people of Spain." This is what Elon Musk, the head of the X platform, wrote in response to the Spanish prime minister's announcement that he would impose restrictions on children's use of social media, and to his accusation that companies were tolerating cybercrimes. The discourse was thus transformed from a mere precautionary measure into a confrontation with systems followed by the world's major technology companies. In February, Spain had already begun investigating the role of the social media platforms X, Meta, and TikTok in spreading child sexual-abuse material on the one hand, and in designing their platforms to cause addiction among users on the other.

These companies face lawsuits in European and American courts on a continuous and growing basis. TikTok, for example, faces an accusation from the European Union's supervisory authority over the addictive design of the platform, represented by the infinite-scroll feature and the automatic playback of videos, in addition to the recommendation system designed to target personal attention with great precision. In the United States, these platforms face more than 2,300 lawsuits.

Indeed, Mark Zuckerberg, the chief executive of Meta's platforms, appeared in court because of a case brought by a woman who claims that the company makes its profits by designing an algorithm aimed at drawing in children at an early age, in order to keep them as users of the platform through adolescence and youth. Days before him, Instagram's chief executive appeared in court in the presence of a number of parents who accuse the platforms of causing the deaths of their children. One mother spoke to the press at the time, explaining that she felt children were laboratory subjects, and that her teenage daughter, who died by suicide, amounted to nothing more than collateral damage in the culture of Silicon Valley companies.

But despite all these lawsuits, one cannot rely on these companies to respond or cooperate, when they make billions of dollars from nothing but our constant staring at screens. In 2023, Meta's annual revenue was around $132 billion, while TikTok made $18 billion. These revenues come from advertising alone, as global spending on social-media advertising reached $207 billion in 2023 alone. The figures point to an enormous leap in Meta's revenues over the past ten years, multiplying tenfold between 2015 and 2025. YouTube, meanwhile, earned around $36 billion from advertising alone in 2024; it is the same platform most followed by children in Jordan.

Platforms can restrict access by specific age groups by requiring registration with real data and verifying the user's age. To do this technically, the platform asks for proof of age by requiring an official document such as an identity card, passport, or bank card. Despite these measures, which are still being studied for continuous improvement, achieving this does not seem so easy, as a number of adolescents are able to circumvent the restriction and register with false information.

Rima, a Jordanian mother living in Australia, speaks of her experience with restriction. She was optimistic when she first heard about Australia's 2024 law banning social media for children, but she waited to hear any instructions, or even for her teenage son's account to be closed, and nothing happened. She learned, however, that some parents had been able to impose restrictions on their children through personal efforts that coincided with the law's issuance, while others did not succeed. This created among some children and adolescents the feeling that there was entertainment and digital activity they were missing out on.

"At adolescence, it is very hard to isolate a child from his friends. Their reaction will be bad, and they will feel socially excluded," Rima says.

Raya Sharbin, a specialist in digital-media platforms, confirms that restricting access for a specific age group requires careful study, because it entails official communication between the government and digital platforms to compel them to verify users' ages, through means such as entering an identity number or scanning the face, which raises privacy concerns. Circumventing these restrictions is also easy through techniques such as VPNs or creating accounts with incorrect age data, which limits the effectiveness of any measures that rely solely on technical verification.

But can the scene really be reduced to the binary of prohibition or access? Or are there more balanced and effective alternatives? Between these two options, the Chinese experience emerges as a different model for managing the relationship between children and digital space. As part of its focus on digital security, China continues to issue regulations governing children's use of the internet. The most prominent is the regulation on the protection of minors, which entered into force at the beginning of 2024 and aimed to reshape the digital environment in a way that supports children's sound physical and psychological development, while involving the family and the school in bearing responsibility. These efforts were also strengthened by the Cyberspace Administration's launch of a "minor mode" on mobile devices, which parents can activate easily, control the duration of daily use, impose rest periods, and guide the kind of content in keeping with the child's age.

China imposes a complete block on famous global platforms, such as the various Meta applications, TikTok, and YouTube, and provides local alternatives designed to fit its domestic context. Douyin, TikTok's local counterpart, is the most prominent of these models. Although the two applications belong to the same parent company, ByteDance, there are fundamental differences between them: Douyin is subject to stricter regulations, including the requirement to register under one's real name, and, in terms of content, an emphasis on local news and educational content, unlike TikTok, which is predominantly entertainment-oriented. Douyin's algorithms are managed according to specific age-related and cultural considerations. They take users' interests into account within a directed framework that gives priority to informational and educational content. The application has more than 700 million daily active users inside China, compared with more than one billion TikTok users around the world.

Children have a separate protection system inside Douyin. Since 2018, China has begun applying strict protective measures requiring users under 14 to register with their real names and data, so that what is known as "minor mode" is activated for them automatically. Users cannot disable it; it limits use to no more than 40 minutes a day and prevents them from using the application between ten at night and six in the morning. This mode also restricts content so that it is educational, including scientific experiments, art museums, and historical information, presented in an appealing style that balances benefit and entertainment. The government does not produce this content; rather, it works to design initiatives for it and cooperates with content creators to achieve its goals on the platform.

China, which regards the internet as a sovereign and strategic domain, built its model for managing it under the impetus of numerous political and economic considerations. It considers the digital protection of children part of a larger state-led digital system. Sharbin describes China's success in restriction as the result of its possession of powerful blocking technologies, used to encourage the use of local social-media and messaging platforms. Although it is possible to bypass blocking through technical tools, the financial cost and technical complexity make that a limited option compared with the use of available local platforms. She adds that there is another option: a kind of open-source platform with a decentralized infrastructure, such as Mastodon, for example. But its reach among the public is limited because of its complexity in design and because users need a good technical background to deal with it.

- Footnotes- الهوامش

*The names in the report are pseudonyms, to protect the privacy of those concerned.

[1] It included 21 cross-sectional studies conducted between 2018 and 2025 in Arab countries. The study covered Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Morocco, and Palestine.

[2] The study was conducted on the 7-to-10 age group in four governorates: Amman, Irbid, Zarqa, and Mafraq. It included children and their parents.

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