translated from Korean

Election-Fraud Theory Occupies a “Loose Platform”

The essay traces how Threads, with its loose, horizontal architecture and Instagram-fed reach, became a staging ground where Korea’s Olympic Park protest against alleged election fraud organized itself, amplified conspiracies, and consumed its own fractures.

‘올림픽공원’ 참가자들의 세상, 스레드에서는 무슨 일이?
SisaIN · By 문준영 기자 · 13 July 2026 · read the original in Korean →

It must have been around last summer that I installed the app called Threads. It was entirely because of Instagram. Instagram had cunningly placed posts linked to Threads among posts uploaded by my Instagram “friends.” Whenever I happened to click one of those links, a pop-up would appear telling me I had to install a new application. After this pattern repeated several times, I finally installed it. Even then, I did not use it often. Occasionally I would enter search terms related to self-improvement, and the algorithm naturally guided me toward similar posts.

The Threads algorithm began to show a different face after this year’s local elections. On June 3, election day for the local elections, an unprecedented incident occurred at some polling stations: ballots ran short, and voting was temporarily suspended. People angered by the “damage to suffrage” gathered on June 5 at Olympic Park in Songpa-gu, Seoul. Around that time, posts began to appear one by one in my Threads algorithm certifying that their authors had been to the Olympic Park rally. In a video of about a minute uploaded by one user, rally participants were waving the Taegeukgi and the Stars and Stripes while chanting, “Fraudulent election, new election; hand-count same-day votes.”

On the afternoon of June 15, I met three men and women in their twenties who had stayed at Olympic Park before moving to the front of the Blue House, where they were calling for a “new election.” When I asked at Olympic Park what social media they used, one woman answered specifically, “Mostly Threads.” In mid-June, I created a new account and set “fraudulent election” and “Olympic Park” as topics of interest. An entirely different world opened up. After only a few searches, the Threads home screen was plastered with allegations of election fraud.

Threads is a text-centered social media platform launched by Meta in July 2023. It contrasts with its “sister” platform Instagram, which is based on photographs and videos. Threads can be linked to an Instagram account. The low threshold for Instagram users to sign up played a decisive role in Threads’ early growth. According to the data analytics solution Wiseapp Retail, Instagram’s average monthly number of users in Korea from January to April this year was 28.08 million. Threads, which steadily moved up in weight class over the same period, had an average monthly user count of 7.29 million, fewer than X, formerly Twitter, at 7.95 million, but similar to Facebook at 7.47 million.

Because it is text-centered social media, the user experience resembles X. On the home screen, one can scroll endlessly downward to check new posts, “like” a post and leave a comment, or “repost” or share it. Posts can be written within a limit of 500 characters. Apart from the hashtag function, when uploading a post one can set a single “topic”; if one clicks that word on a post where the topic is displayed, the screen moves to a page searching that word. The structure makes it possible to find and read posts that have set the same word as their topic more quickly.

Until now, YouTube has often been singled out as the main stage on which political suspicions or public opinion take shape. Around the time the ballot shortage occurred in the June 3 local elections and people began gathering at Olympic Park, YouTube was once again the platform with the strongest influence. YouTubers who gained strength during the martial-law emergency still hold the microphone, with relatively solid subscriber bases. A representative example is the channel Goh Seong-guk TV, with 1.34 million subscribers, which this time uploaded videos of visits to Olympic Park, delivering hot dogs and sorting trash for recycling. The channel Lee Bong-kyu TV, whose subscribers approach one million, also rode this current by editing and uploading videos of Olympic Park participants. Instagram, with its large number of users, was also heated. According to Sometrend, a social media analysis tool, mentions of “fraudulent election” on Instagram, meaning the number of posts containing the analyzed term, soared from 44 on June 2 to 608 on June 5. Mentions of “Olympic Park,” which before the local elections had remained at about 100 a day, rose to 698 on June 7.

That Olympic Park and election fraud emerged as hot keywords on Threads, which is linked to Instagram, is to some extent a natural result. But the way Olympic Park rally participants used Threads differed somewhat from X or YouTube, which were used mainly to “certify” participation in the rally. From the early days of the Olympic Park rally, Threads became a platform for recruiting volunteers. When someone doing volunteer work posted a volunteer recruitment notice on Threads, someone else who saw it volunteered. On June 14, too, a volunteer recruitment post went up on Threads. It said volunteers were being recruited by dividing tasks among a “recycling team” to organize trash, a “safety support team” to maintain order, a “runner team” to deliver donated food to each gate, and a “gate support team” to assist gates that were short-handed. The post, which surpassed 5,000 views, drew a string of comments saying people would come to help. Recruitment posts uploaded on other dates also received comments such as “I’ll go if I have time” and “What kind of work would I be doing?”

Election-fraud theory occupies a “loose platform.”‘느슨한 플랫폼’ 점거한 부정선거론

Why Threads? The banner the Olympic Park rally participants have most stubbornly raised has been “voluntary participation with no affiliation.” In the early days, the Olympic Park rally even set rules for itself. Posters were put up around Olympic Park saying, “Shout only for a new election and against the infringement of suffrage; wave only the Taegeukgi,” and asking people to refrain from election-fraud slogans and the Stars and Stripes. After the weekend, the mainstream shifted to the “American flag” forces, and the slogans changed along with it to “Fraudulent election, new election; hand-count same-day votes,” but the atmosphere still emphasized the “purity” of individuals participating freely. Threads is free from the framing of “YouTuber merchants aiming for Super Chat donations.” There is no small handful of channels monopolizing the algorithm. There is the protective screen of anonymity, and anyone can exchange conversation without much burden through short texts. Jung Min-cheol, vice chair of the Democratic Party of Korea’s policy committee, operator of the social media channel “Jung Min-cheol’s Is This Real?” and author of The 1020 Far Right Is Coming, put it this way: “Before that, Threads was not a platform with a clear political tendency. Perhaps they needed a platform of their own that no one had monopolized?” The features of Threads, resembling a loose and horizontal square, may have touched on what the Olympic Park rally participants wanted to pursue.

Even at Olympic Park, where the slogans have changed from the early rallies that cried only for a “new election,” not a few people in their twenties and thirties are still coming. At 7 p.m. on Wednesday, July 1, a weekday, the Taegeukgi and the Stars and Stripes were fluttering at Olympic Park. Between 10,000 and nearly 12,000 people were gathered there as a floating population, according to Seoul real-time city data. By age group, those in their thirties or younger accounted for about 40 percent. Waving the two flags from side to side, they shouted the slogan “Fraudulent election, new election.”

What worldview are the Olympic Park rally participants sharing on Threads? I looked at whether the election-fraud conspiracy theory was gaining a response there. Even before the local elections, there had been some posts introducing “evidence of election fraud,” but they were not numerous. They were mostly uploaded by users highly involved in politics. I visited the personal page of one Threads user who, in October 2025, had posted that “bundles of new bills” had been found in the 2022 Gyeonggi-do superintendent of education election. The user, whose nickname was “National Team ○○○,” identified himself in his profile as a supreme council member of Freedom and Innovation. To another user’s post saying she “wanted to enlighten her husband,” he recommended System War Master Plan, a book explaining the December 3 emergency martial law as a “system war”; and he responded “Destroy communism!” to a certification post about holding a rally condemning election fraud at Hwajeong Station in Goyang, Gyeonggi-do.

Through the local elections, posts explaining the election-fraud conspiracy theory more kindly seemed to increase. On June 21 and 22, one user repeatedly posted “evidence of election fraud” under the topic “Jamsil democratization movement.” The user shared AI-made explanatory materials, claiming that the National Election Commission had improperly written numbers by hand on “unnumbered paper” before distributing it, or that in Excel data released by the commission the number of ballots did not match the number of voters. As the election-fraud theory spread, posts to the effect that Yoon Suk Yeol had been right also received attention. Election fraud was one of the justifications Yoon Suk Yeol gave for declaring the December 3 emergency martial law. When one Threads user wrote, “Inside the Republic of Korea, we are fighting anti-state forces, communism. Trump can side with Korea only if he knows Korea is firmly pro-American and anti-China. The president who can make that possible is Yoon Suk Yeol,” responses followed: “That is neatly organized,” and “President Yoon Suk Yeol must be released now.”

Rumors even more absurd than the election-fraud theory were also made and spread on Threads. The first was the “Eye of Providence.” On June 10, a Threads user uploaded a photograph of a container installed in front of the Olympic Park Gymnastics Arena and posted that the eye-shaped image drawn on top of the container “seems to be the Eye of Providence.” The Eye of Providence, a design in which an eye is inserted at the center of an equilateral triangle, is a symbol of the “Illuminati,” said to be a secret organization manipulating world power from behind the scenes. The post was shared roughly 1,000 times and reposted more than 700 times. Posts saying “I saw the Eye of Providence too” followed one after another. The image identified as the “Eye of Providence” was an advertisement for a pharmaceutical company’s eye-nutrition supplement.

The rumor that began with the “Eye of Providence” did not end as a one-off. At last a new conspiracy theory appeared: that a “human sacrifice,” a ritual offering people as victims, was being carried out inside the Handball Gymnasium. This followed a June 11 post saying “there is a burning smell inside the stadium” and the sharing on Threads of a short video showing an underground entrance near gates 1-3 of the Handball Gymnasium being welded from the inside. Combined with the “Eye of Providence” rumor raised the day before, all manner of grotesque interpretations appeared. “When riot police suppression begins, won’t people be crushed to death if they are pushed into a dead end, a stairway with the exit blocked?” “They are trying to induce a crushing death and offer a human sacrifice.” As the welding video was rapidly shared, it planted an unfounded anxiety that “a major disaster could happen.” The fear created by rumor eventually entered reality. On the night of June 17, the thirteenth day of the rally, a man in his thirties caused a disturbance in front of gates 1-3 of the Handball Gymnasium. Repeating the words “They are killing people in there,” he injured himself with a weapon before being arrested by police.

“Hero tales” were also produced through Threads. On June 16, after People Power Party lawmakers negotiated with some rally participants, it was decided that employees of sports organizations would be allowed to enter. The employees tried to go in through gate 2-1, but failed when a young woman with the Stars and Stripes wrapped around her waist blocked them. Threads users at the Olympic Park rally called this woman “Oldark,” a portmanteau of “Olympic Park” and “Joan of Arc.” An AI-composited image putting armor on the woman’s face was also shared on Threads.

While rumors and hero tales were being cultivated side by side, the loose freedom of the “square” returned as poison. The old conflict became visible between the group that had led the early rally and insisted that only “new election” should be shouted, and supporters of Freedom and Innovation who shouted “fraudulent election” and “Korea-U.S. joint investigation.” The conflict that erupted on June 28 in front of gate 2-3 of the Handball Gymnasium was broadcast on Threads in its entirety, deepening the rift further.

Jeon Han-gil is a “provocateur”; fatigue is “because of orders.”전한길은 ‘프락치’, 피로감은 ‘지령 탓’

On the night of June 28, when several young male participants tried to cover with Taegeukgi flags the placards already posted on the outer wall about “fraudulent election,” “same-day voting,” and the Association of World Election Bodies, A-WEB, which has been identified as a “force behind election fraud,” they clashed roughly with those who opposed them. A video was shared on Threads showing a young man who called for a new election shoving and knocking down a middle-aged man who believed a Korea-U.S. joint investigation was necessary. Some Threads users claimed those men had deliberately tried to cover the words “fraudulent election,” calling them a “youth group acting under orders from the People Power Party” and “provocateurs.” Mocking claims that “they came from Cambodia, the scam compounds,” based on tattoos on the young man’s body in the video, came to dominate the feed.

The arrows were also aimed at Jeon Han-gil, a former lecturer who had tried to mediate the situation on-site. Jeon is a figure who has vigorously pushed the election-fraud conspiracy theory since immediately after the December 3 emergency martial law. Yet when he took an attitude that seemed to represent the young men, “Threads opinion” turned cold. Fierce denunciations poured out: “Return to private life,” “So you were an Enchufado, someone connected to power.” The jeering even led to a “Jeon Han-gil provocateur controversy.”

As the conflict intensified, many of those who had insisted on shouting only “new election” left Olympic Park. The three young people who moved the rally site to the front of the Blue House as early as June 15 explained, “It is true Olympic Park has become a symbolic space, but we wondered whether an effective voice would be delivered, so we came here.” Kwon, a man in his twenties, said, “I think there should be a new election, but I don’t think a Korea-U.S. joint international investigation is right. Since it happened in our country, our country should resolve it.” Even so, when asked, “Are you trying to draw a line between yourselves and those who claim election fraud?” all three were cautious about answering and kept their words spare.

On the afternoon of June 27, near Hongik University Station in Mapo-gu, Seoul, a youth group called “BOSS Hongdae” continued a rally with a single-digit number of participants. They used only the new-election slogan and the Taegeukgi. They explained that if one brought up the phrase election fraud, the path to sympathy regardless of political tendency would be blocked. This looked less like a break with the election-fraud conspiracy theory than a strategic judgment, but in Olympic Park, which even they had left, there remained only a deadlock with no exit.

At 11 a.m. on July 1, I opened Threads once more. The “Jeon Han-gil provocateur” controversy, which had kept the algorithm hot until the day before, had already subsided somewhat. When I refreshed the home screen, the algorithm, as if it had been waiting, lined up new posts. One post, uploaded about an hour earlier by a user who had set a Taegeukgi as the profile picture, caught my eye. It was a post taking aim at some users who had complained of fatigue as the rally dragged on.

“It seems orders have come down! ‘I worked hard at Olgong, the Olympic Park rally, and did everything I had to do’; ‘There are too many people stirring up strange discord’; ‘So I’m tired, Olgong is over’ — it seems like a strategy to sap our strength with this repertoire. You can filter out posts like that.” This new “rumor” received 5,600 likes in six hours and was reposted by more than 700 people.

On the afternoon of July 2, the National Assembly’s special committee for a parliamentary investigation, which is looking into the ballot shortage in the local elections, entered the Handball Gymnasium with police cooperation. It was the twenty-seventh day since the Olympic Park rally began. But it was unable to carry out the ballot boxes. About 380 ballot boxes from across Songpa-gu, along with ballots and other materials, are still being stored inside, without having been removed.

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Y done · S save · G great · B bad · N not for me