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The Degradation of Authoritarian Equilibrium

The rapidly spreading gasoline crisis, coming amid drone strikes, censorship failures, and declining trust in television, is eroding the wartime “super-support” that had sustained Russia’s authoritarian balance.

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Re: Russia · By Сэм Грин; Грэм Робертсон · 2 July 2026 · read the original in Russian →

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The rapidly expanding gasoline crisis is just as rapidly changing Russia’s information agenda and social atmosphere. The public’s nervousness and frustrations are clearly palpable in social networks and journalistic reports. But how does the situation look in opinion polls?

The first blow to the information agenda of the ordinary Russian was dealt by Ukrainian drone attacks on Russian oil refineries and on Moscow in mid-June. During the final ten days of the month, this crisis backdrop was compounded by the theme of the growing gasoline crisis, forming a dense atmosphere of anxiety. The crisis, however, was intensifying so quickly that even weekly polls seem unable to capture its dynamics.

Throughout June, the “super-support bubble” continued to collapse: the overhang of heightened loyalty that had formed in polling data after the start of the war. In June, the erosion of loyalty spread to Putin’s approval and trust ratings, something we had not yet observed in pronounced form in the results for May. Overall, indicators of loyalty to the authoritarian regime in June 2026 have practically returned to the levels seen at the moment the war began: almost the entire loyalty “overhang” has been spent. Another significant piece of news in June was the sharp fall in the Levada Center’s consumer sentiment index.

At the same time, the authorities’ attempts to restrict information about Ukrainian strikes and the scale of the gasoline crisis have had very limited success. Although Telegram’s share among the Russian population’s sources of information has fallen noticeably, social networks remain the main and effective channel of information about what is happening, bypassing censorship barriers and omissions. Meanwhile, television continues to lose not only its audience but, at an even faster rate, its trust. What is especially interesting is that over the past six months, when the Russian authorities and President Putin personally have been vigorously advertising the Russian army’s nonexistent successes, the erosion of trust in television appears to have partly affected even the audience most loyal to the Kremlin: pensioners.

Today’s situation can be described as the degradation of the authoritarian equilibrium that finally took shape around the second year of the war. And it seems that never before has the arsenal of information-manipulation tools, traditionally a strong suit of Putin’s autocracy, been so weakened at such an ill-timed moment.

The rapidly expanding gasoline crisis is just as rapidly changing Russia’s information agenda and social atmosphere. The calamity is unfolding at the height of the vacation season, which this year had already been darkened by Crimea and much of the Caucasus coast of the Black Sea dropping out of the holiday repertoire. Now domestic automobile tourism is also under attack. The public’s nervousness and frustrations are clearly palpable in social networks and reports from Russia. But how do they look in opinion polls, with all the limitations of polling methods under a repressive autocracy? The situation in recent weeks, however, has been developing so swiftly that even rapid telephone polls are lagging behind it.

FOM’s weekly measurements and the Levada Center’s monthly monitoring, for which data were collected in the final week of June, partly make it possible to see how the crisis information agenda has grown in public opinion over the past three weeks. Both sociological centers ask respondents about the events of the week, in FOM’s Dominants survey, and of the month, at the Levada Center, that they remember. The first blow to the information agenda of the ordinary Russian was dealt by Ukrainian drone attacks on Russian oil refineries and on Moscow in mid-June. Already in the early twenties of the month, this topic dominated the picture of remembered events; see Table 1. It was mentioned by every fourth respondent, while only about half of those surveyed gave substantive answers to the relevant question, meaning that among them every second person named the strikes on refineries and on Moscow.

During the final ten days of June, this crisis backdrop was supplemented by the theme of the expanding gasoline crisis. In FOM’s telephone poll of June 26-28, 15% of respondents mentioned it, a quarter of all those who named any events at all; according to the results of the Levada Center’s apartment-based survey conducted in the last week of the month, the figure was already 22%, or every third person among those who named at least one memorable event. In FOM’s latest “weekly” survey, July 3-5, every third person who named any events also mentions the gasoline crisis, despite the fact that information about it is restricted as much as possible in censored Russian media. We also see, however, that the theme of the Russian army’s military successes in Ukraine, which the Kremlin pushed intensively throughout June, is present in the agenda as a certain counterweight to the gasoline shortage and the successes of Ukrainian UAVs: “we gave the khokhols a beating,” “we’re taking Konstantinovka,” “our boys are winning in the special military operation.” In the latest poll, it was activated by a television report from June 3 about Putin’s meeting with generals in a headquarters bunker.

Yet the overall emotional backdrop remains distinctly negative: in FOM’s weekly measurements, 54% of respondents note an anxious mood as dominant among the people around them, while 38% register calm. In 2025 the situation was the reverse: 40% saw an atmosphere of anxiety around them, while 54% saw complete calm. A polling sample skewed toward greater loyalty most likely presents a somewhat muted picture of real moods.

Throughout June, the “super-support bubble” continued to collapse, as we wrote in our previous review of sociological data (-> Re: Russia: How Much Has the Super-Support Bubble Deflated?). Let us recall that after the start of the war, as after the annexation of Crimea in 2014, polling results showed a sharp increase in the share of super-loyal respondents who declared their support not only for Putin but for practically all institutions of power and the agendas they promoted, while also expressing complete satisfaction with the way events in the country were developing. And if, in non-authoritarian countries, the phenomenon of such a shift in assessments under conditions of external conflict, or war, is usually explained by the effect of “rallying around the flag,” then in an authoritarian and repressive context it reflects both a certain “unity,” the mobilization of sincere supporters of the authorities, and the effect of a “spiral of silence”: the forced public non-expression of their views by those who disagree with officialdom, including refusal to participate in surveys, which for most respondents look like a form of non-private communication.

Accordingly, the collapse of the “bubble” now taking place points to a process of eroding loyalty in that more conformist part of Russian society which is more strongly represented among survey participants. A month ago we noted clear signs of this process, but added the caveat that in the data from FOM and the Levada Center such erosion had so far only slightly affected the figure of Putin himself: the contraction of his personal “super-support bubble” lagged behind the reassessment of other institutions of power and of the general situation in the country. Today it can be said that the erosion process has fully spread to the president as well: according to the Levada Center, the pace at which assessments of the state of affairs in the country, of almost all institutions of power, and of Putin declined became synchronized in June and continued downward; see Graph 1. According to FOM’s data, both assessments of the president’s work and the level of trust in him have also fallen, compared with the indicators of late 2025 and early 2026, by roughly 10 percentage points. Overall, one can say that indicators of loyalty to the authoritarian regime in June 2026 returned to the levels observed at the moment the war began; that is, by now practically the entire “overhang” of heightened wartime loyalty has been spent.

This picture is complemented by a sharp decline in the Levada Center’s consumer sentiment index. As recently as the first half of 2025 it stood at 115 points; by February 2026 it had glided down to 104, and now it has fallen to 94, the prewar level, with eight points of the decline coming in the latest measurement alone. It should be noted that the analogous inFOM index, FOM’s survey commissioned by the Central Bank, although it experienced a sharp decline at the beginning of 2026, still remains above prewar levels. But the June inFOM measurement was taken in the first ten days of the month, while the Levada Center’s measurement was taken in the final ten days. As experience in observing indices shows, current social moods, including those inspired by a negative information agenda, can significantly influence even retrospective assessments of one’s personal financial situation, not to mention prospective ones. In this case, moreover, the shortage and sharp rise in gasoline prices at the end of the month are undoubtedly a factor of economic discomfort for respondents.

Summing up the picture of the dynamics of social moods in recent months, one can say that the first wave of anxiety and deterioration in social sentiment came in the second half of April and early May and was connected with Ukrainian drone attacks and the Russian authorities’ hysteria over the forthcoming parades and their widespread cancellation. By late May and early June, moods had calmed somewhat, but in the second half of the month they again began to worsen rapidly in connection with a flood of news about new Ukrainian strikes, the blockade of Crimea, and the growing fuel crisis.

The second, June thickening of anxiety and social frustration looks broader in its political consequences: its shadow is cast across a wider thematic range of assessments: the president, the economic situation, the country’s prospects. At the same time, the authorities’ attempts to restrict information about the strikes and the scale of the crisis on social networks evidently have had limited success. The Levada Center’s June poll shows that the ban on uncensored services such as YouTube and Telegram has led to a noticeable decrease in how often respondents mention them among their sources of information. It is possible, however, that this is partly affected by the fact that respondents increasingly perceive these services as persecuted and “banned” and are less willing to report that they still use them. One way or another, these changes may be limiting the scale of social panic, but they are not stopping its spread.

It is important to note that television’s share in Russians’ information picture continues to shrink. The war dealt the “Kremlin box” a powerful blow, depriving it of its dominant position in shaping the information agenda and effectively turning it into a niche channel aimed at the elderly and barely reaching the 18-to-35 age groups (-> Re: Russia: The War Killed Television). There will be no return to television even if Russians are completely deprived of access to Telegram, and the clearest evidence of this is the fact that trust in television as a source of news is now falling even faster than its audience is shrinking.

As Graph 5 shows, after a period of relative stability, trust in television began to decline noticeably from the end of last year, when the Russian offensive in Donbas failed to achieve significant success, while the Russian authorities, and above all Putin personally, continued to insist on the opposite and to advertise the successes of Russian troops. What is especially interesting is that the decline in trust spans all ages; moreover, it is especially noticeable precisely in the youngest and oldest groups: 8 and 9 percentage points, respectively. The erosion of loyalty is now partly spreading to pensioners as well, the group in Russian society most loyal to Putin.

Overall, against the background of dramatic developments connected with the gasoline crisis and the Crimean lockdown, the Russian authorities, having blocked Telegram and limited their own activity there while Max remains dysfunctional, have effectively been left without reliable channels of communication through which they could promote their own interpretations of what is happening. Those interpretations, however, are so far also absent: President Putin insists that nothing terrible is happening at all and that temporary difficulties will soon be overcome. Today’s situation can be described as the degradation of the authoritarian equilibrium that finally took shape around the second year of the war. And it seems that never before has the arsenal of information-manipulation tools, traditionally a strong suit of Putin’s autocracy, been so weakened at such an ill-timed moment.

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Y done · S save · G great · B bad · N not for me