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Israel’s War Against Iran: Dangerous Ambitions to Redraw the Middle East

The article argues that Israel’s attack on Iran, backed by the United States, is less about immediate security threats than about an attempt to impose a new regional order, a project likely to intensify instability and resistance across the Middle East.

Война Израиля против Ирана: опасные амбиции по перекройке Ближнего Востока
Valdai Club · By Alireza Nouri · 16 July 2025 · read the original in Russian →

Globalization and SovereigntyГлобализация и суверенитет

Война Израиля против Ирана: опасные амбиции по перекройке Ближнего Востока © Reuters

Israel’s War Against Iran: Dangerous Ambitions to Redraw the Middle East © Reuters

С точки зрения Израиля, главная угроза, исходящая от Ирана, – это не его ракетный потенциал и не его ядерная программа, а практическая приверженность Ирана концепции «сопротивления» – краеугольному камню иранской внешней политики, противостоящей израильскому и американскому экспансионизму, пишет доцент кафедры политологии факультета экономики и политологии тегеранского Университета Шахид Бехешти Алиреза Нури.

From Israel’s point of view, the principal threat emanating from Iran is not its missile capability or its nuclear program, but Iran’s practical commitment to the concept of “resistance,” the cornerstone of Iranian foreign policy, which opposes Israeli and American expansionism, writes Alireza Nouri, associate professor in the Department of Political Science at the Faculty of Economics and Political Science of Tehran’s Shahid Beheshti University.

On June 13, 2025, Israel launched a military operation against Iran, even though the nuclear negotiations, which were in essence a peaceful mechanism for settling the Iranian nuclear issue, were still under way. According to Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, the talks were on the verge of a historic breakthrough that could have resolved the problems connected with Iran’s nuclear program through diplomatic means.

Israeli officials offered various justifications for their actions. Taken together, their statements reveal two main objectives, both of which are not only extremely dangerous but also profoundly destabilizing for the region.

The first objective is to ensure Israel’s “absolute security”: namely, the ambition to eliminate any threat, at any time and in any place, from Palestine to Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, Iran, or elsewhere, by means of anticipatory and preventive military action, based solely on Israel’s own assessment.

Speaking of this strategy, Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz stressed that “if anyone raises a hand against Israel, that hand will be cut off,” and that “any threat to Israel’s sovereignty will be eliminated before it matures.” This strategy rests on the “Begin Doctrine,” which regards preemptive attacks to eliminate threats as Israel’s legitimate right. Such an approach entails two main risks:

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Israel ignores peaceful instruments, including diplomacy, international law, and international organizations, and disregards regional and international dimensions, giving preference to military action.

The pursuit of absolute security for oneself inevitably generates insecurity for others. Since this strategy is not accepted by other states, it leads to a cycle of militarization, a security dilemma, and permanent instability in the region.

In this context, Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian responded to Netanyahu’s promise to “strike every site and every target of the ayatollah regime” by stating that “any new aggression against Iran will receive a more decisive and harsher response.”

The brief military campaign of June 2025, involving the armed forces of Israel, Iran, and the United States, appeared to end favorably for all three countries, whose leaders were able to save face by declaring victory. A case in which all parties to hostilities consider themselves victors, with no defeated side, is rare enough; but it cannot conceal the fact that a significant regrouping of forces has begun in the region, one that apparently will have far-reaching consequences, writes Konstantin Khudoley, professor at the Faculty of International Relations of Saint Petersburg State University.

OpinionsМнения

The second and more dangerous objective of Israel’s attack on Iran goes beyond simple security considerations and beyond Iranian-Israeli relations. It lies in the desire to redraw the map of the Middle East, an aim Netanyahu has spoken of repeatedly. Before the war with Iran began, he remarked: “Our war is not only in Gaza; we will change the map of the Middle East.” After the attack on Iran, he also declared that “the decisions we made during the war have already changed the face of the Middle East.”

In Israeli discourse, the notion of “redrawing the Middle East” means establishing a new political and security order in the region, imposed by military force and based on a redefinition of the regional balance of power.

This concept is aimed at elevating Israel to the status of regional hegemon, enabling it to dictate the rules, roles, and hierarchies of the regional system.

In this context, the purpose of Israel’s attack on Iran was not so much to eliminate a nuclear or missile threat as to weaken Iran strategically. This is because, from Israel’s point of view, the main threat emanating from Iran lies not in its missile capability, which serves defensive purposes, nor in its nuclear program, which Iran was prepared to limit through negotiations, but in Iran’s practical commitment to the concept of “resistance,” the cornerstone of Iranian foreign policy, which opposes Israeli and American expansionism.

Thus Israel began its war against Iran on the basis of the mistaken assumption that Iran’s strategic weakening would allow it to reconstruct the region’s political and security architecture in a way that would ensure its own dominance.

A crucial point in this regard is the broad involvement of the United States and its support for Israel’s mistaken strategic assumption: the idea that weakening Iran and the “axis of resistance,” and integrating Arab states into a regional alliance with Israel within the framework of the Abraham Accords, could create a new regional order.

Speaking of this strategic cooperation, Netanyahu stated: “I believe that, working closely with President Trump, we can redraw the Middle East even further and for the better.”

The strategic cooperation between the Trump administration and Israel illustrates a significant shift in the US approach to the Middle East: from a policy of “guaranteeing Israel’s security” to one of “ensuring Israel’s regional superiority.” Thus Washington’s objective now consists not only in defending Israel during a crisis, but also in helping to eliminate competing regional structures and actors, not only politically but militarily as well.

This alignment has ironically altered US Middle East policy: for example, the United States removed Abu Mohammad al-Julani, a former member of Al-Qaeda in Syria whose ideological distance from his extremist past remains uncertain, from its terrorist list, while at the same time imposing sanctions on a senior UN official dealing with human rights in Palestine.

Of course, Washington has its own strategic interests in redrawing the regional map. Having suffered two major failures in Iraq and Afghanistan over the past two decades, its costly interventions did not lead to greater influence in the region. On the contrary, the vacuum was filled by rival powers: Iran, China, and Russia.

Through the “axis of resistance,” Iran expanded its presence in the region; through its military intervention in Syria, Russia reasserted itself as a balancing power; and China demonstrated its growing influence by signing strategic agreements both with the United States’ principal enemy in the region, Iran, and with its closest partner, Saudi Arabia.

Notably, China played the role of mediator in restoring ties between Iran and Saudi Arabia, a function traditionally reserved for Washington alone.

Naturally, such a situation does not suit the United States, which for a long time operated in the Middle East virtually without hindrance. In this light, the United States shares with Israel a strategic interest in the project of remaking the Middle Eastern order. Given its far greater capabilities, one might even argue that the United States is the principal architect of the region’s latest events.

It is obvious that, despite certain technological advantages, Israel is not capable of radically changing the map of the Middle East, or even of waging a full-scale war with Iran on its own. The United States must therefore be regarded as the key variable in Israel’s war against Iran: it is actively involved at every stage, from preliminary intelligence to the supply of munitions, logistics, the conduct of military operations, and even negotiations over a ceasefire.

Trump openly acknowledged his involvement in the war, stating: “I warned Iran for 60 days, and today is the 61st day.” Moreover, after Netanyahu’s visit to Washington, many media outlets ran headlines such as: “Netanyahu and Trump approved joint airstrikes on Iranian nuclear facilities.”

In view of these considerations, any analysis of the Israeli attack on Iran must move beyond the bilateral level and instead adopt a regional and international perspective, with special emphasis on direct US involvement and the long-term strategic goals shared by Tel Aviv and Washington.

Within this framework, the attack on Iran appears to be a crucial part of a broader regional puzzle: a strategy that began with the weakening of Hamas, the manipulation of political structures in Syria and Lebanon, and the erosion of the “axis of resistance” in Iraq and Yemen.

In the future, this plan could expand to confrontation with Turkey, or to Turkey’s integration into the Abraham Accords, which would transform the entire regional order.

The hypothesis of a comprehensive, premeditated plan is reinforced by the fundamental question of where these events began, in particular Hamas’s attack on Israel on October 7. The question is this: how could Israel, which possesses extensive intelligence on its regional adversaries, from Hamas and Hezbollah to Iran, and which has demonstrated its ability to kill highly protected individuals, including several Hamas leaders, senior Hezbollah figures such as Hassan Nasrallah, and more than thirty senior Iranian military commanders and nuclear scientists, have failed to detect an operation involving more than a thousand Hamas fighters?

Could Israel, with its surveillance capabilities, really have been unaware that such a large-scale attack was being prepared, especially given that Hamas had been preparing the October 7 attack for more than a year? Was there not a single informant among a thousand fighters, or did Israeli intelligence know nothing of their movements and training?

The answer is yes: Tel Aviv, Netanyahu, and even the United States were fully aware of the impending attack. What they lacked was not intelligence, but a sufficient pretext: a dramatic, high-impact trigger that would justify the launch of their broad regional agenda.

Yet another crucial question remains: will Israel and the United States succeed in carrying out their plan to establish absolute security and achieve regional hegemony through anticipatory and preventive strikes? The answer is no. This strategy closely resembles the neoconservative doctrine advanced by the United States under President George W. Bush. Using the September 11 attacks as a pretext, the United States launched wars in Afghanistan and Iraq under the banner of combating terrorism and strengthening American and international security, acting on the basis of a strategy of preemptive war.

The results, however, were catastrophic: pervasive chaos, the destruction of political and social infrastructure in Iraq and Afghanistan, mass civilian casualties, the emergence of ISIS and transnational terrorism, and intensified instability at both the regional and global levels.

The new regional strategy being jointly implemented by Israel and the United States is unlikely to produce different results. It faces a number of serious obstacles and negative consequences:

As Israel adopts a more aggressive posture and the United States continues to provide it with unconditional support, regional powers will be compelled to build up their own military capabilities. This dynamic will inevitably sharpen the security dilemma, fuel militarism, and accelerate a regional arms race.

Israel’s insistence on eliminating perceived threats through the use of force, at any time and in any place, undermines the peaceful mechanisms of governance and conflict resolution that rely on diplomacy, international organizations, and law.

Israel’s increasingly aggressive posture, combined with US involvement, lends greater legitimacy to the discourse of resistance in the region and throughout the Islamic world. Thus, although Iran and the “axis of resistance” may be temporarily weakened, in the long term they are likely to become more strategically motivated and resilient.

In international politics, any attempt to establish hegemony or absolute security inevitably provokes balancing resistance from rival powers. Such dynamics lower the threshold for confrontation and increase the risk of conflict. Some observers already suggest that tensions may arise in the future between Israel and Turkey. The likely consequence of implementing such a strategy will be the further destabilization of an already unstable Middle East.

One of the traditional ordering mechanisms in the Middle East rested on the great powers. At present, this mechanism has been weakened by Washington’s unilateralism, its unconditional support for Israel, and its manipulation of the regional balance in Israel’s favor. This approach is likely to prompt other great powers to seek new approaches and strategies of influence, thereby intensifying competition and instability in the region.

Given these obstacles and problems, it is unlikely not only that the regional strategy of Israel and the United States will succeed, but also that their plans regarding Iran will be realized. Although Israel has achieved certain tactical successes through its surprise attacks, Iran remains a regional power capable of reasserting its strategic positions and role in the Middle East. Drawing on the experience of the Iran-Iraq War, the long-standing hostility of the United States, and many years of sanctions, Iran’s strategic resilience vis-a-vis Israel is likely to endure in the event of a protracted conflict.

Moreover, regardless of the degree of success achieved in striking Iran’s nuclear and missile facilities, one immediate consequence of Israel’s and the United States’ anticipatory and preventive strikes is a change in Tehran’s nuclear strategy, from the current “nuclear threshold” to “nuclear ambiguity.”

If the threats from the United States and Israel persist, the next transition can be expected: from “nuclear ambiguity” to “nuclear weapons.”

To prevent dangerous scenarios and further instability in the Middle East, it was expected that other major powers, including China, Russia, and even the European Union, would take more active measures to settle the crisis. Yet what we are witnessing is Europe’s disgraceful alignment with Israel and the United States, while Russia and China remain largely passive observers. This behavior effectively encourages Israel’s destabilizing military aggression and confirms US unilateralism.

If Israel and the United States succeed in revising the regional order in the Middle East, the status and role of other players, including Russia and China, will inevitably change. The United States will find itself in a position to dictate rules, roles, and hierarchies. Such a development implies a weakening of Russian and Chinese influence in the region and threatens their long-term interests. Russia, for example, may be forced to say goodbye to its military bases in Syria, while China’s long-term agreements with Middle Eastern countries may be reduced to empty promises.

In this context, Israel’s attack on Iran is connected not only with Iran itself, but with the Middle Eastern order. Yet there is a considerable gap between rhetoric and reality, and the joint US-Israeli project to transform the Middle East faces numerous serious problems. Moreover, the Middle East is no ordinary region. It is marked by a multitude of unpredictable variables that can rapidly alter the regional equations.

The experience of the twelve-day Iranian-Israeli military conflict shows that no bombing campaign can finally destroy all of Iran’s nuclear infrastructure. Hypothetically, this would be possible only through a ground military operation, which neither Israel nor the United States is prepared to undertake. What remains is the political and diplomatic path to resolving the Iranian nuclear problem, writes Alexander Maryasov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Russia to Iran from 2001 to 2005.

This text reflects the author’s personal opinion, which may not coincide with the position of the Club unless explicitly stated otherwise.

Y done · S save · G great · B bad · N not for me